Especies de caballito de mar (Syngnathidae, Hippocampus) de México: Estado de conservación y oportunidades futuras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2023.58.2.4209Palabras clave:
Hippocampus, conservación, comercio de vida silvestre, MéxicoResumen
Los caballitos de mar (género Hippocampus Rafinesque, 1810) son un grupo de peces óseos distribuidos en aguas marinas cálidas y templadas alrededor del mundo. Actualmente se encuentran bajo presión antropogénica derivada de la destrucción y modificación del hábitat, así como por su explotación comercial para fines alimenticios, medicinales (sobre todo en Asia) y de acuacultura, lo que ha llevado a una disminución drástica de las poblaciones silvestres. En México, se encuentran distribuidas cuatro especies de caballitos de mar (H. erectus, H. ingens, H. reidi, H. zosterae), sin embargo, aún se desconocen varios aspectos biológicos-ecológicos. A pesar de estar protegidas por normatividad nacional e internacional, las poblaciones en vida libre se ven afectadas por la pesca incidental (principalmente por la industria camaronera y de escama) y pesca furtiva. La presente revisión describe información referente a parámetros biológicos, poblacionales, aprovechamiento, comercialización y usos de las cuatro especies de Hippocampus presentes en México. La finalidad última es consignar las bases para futuros programas de conservación enfocados en estos peces.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Jesús Alejandro Nájera-Medellín, Miroslava Quiñónez-Martínez, Jesús Manuel Díaz-Gaxiola, Dídac Santos-Fita, Nemer E. Narchi, Alba Yadira Corral-Avitia
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