Relación entre habilidades del procesamiento auditivo y el rendimiento académico de niños en edad escolar

Autores/as

  • Anthony Marcotti Universidad San Sebastián

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22370/rcl.2024.1.3888

Palabras clave:

rendimiento académico, niños, percepción auditiva, pruebas auditivas, pruebas de escucha dicótica

Resumen

Introducción: las condiciones acústicas adversas de las salas de clases repercuten en el rendimiento académico de niños en edad escolar. Una audición periférica normal no es suficiente para el éxito perceptual en estas condiciones. Las habilidades del procesamiento auditivo facilitarían un adecuado desempeño auditivo en ambientes acústicos adversos, por lo que podrían ser determinantes del rendimiento académico.

Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico transversal para determinar la asociación entre habilidades del procesamiento auditivo y el rendimiento académico. Se reclutaron 60 estudiantes entre 7 y 12 años. Se utilizaron las pruebas de procesamiento auditivo de habla filtrada (HF), patrones de frecuencia (PF) y dígitos dicóticos (DD). Como medidas de rendimiento académico, se utilizaron las calificaciones de las asignaturas de matemáticas (MT), lenguaje y comunicación (LC), ciencias naturales (CN), historia, geografía y ciencias sociales (HS), e idioma extranjero inglés (ING). Se estimaron modelos de regresión lineal univariada y multivariada para establecer asociaciones entre variables.

Resultados: tanto en los modelos univariados como multivariados, las pruebas PF de y DD resultaron ser predictores significativos del rendimiento académico en todas las asignaturas, con excepción de MT. En conjunto, estas pruebas  explicaron el 42,6% de la varianza de LC, el 52,8% de CN, el 43,4% de HS y el 32,5% de ING. La prueba de habla filtrada no estuvo asociada con ninguna asignatura.

Conclusiones: el rendimiento académico de la mayoría de las asignaturas se asoció con habilidades del procesamiento auditivo. Un mejor rendimiento en estas habilidades permitiría enfrentar exitosamente escenarios acústicos adversos, contribuyendo al aprendizaje.

Citas

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Publicado

2025-01-30

Cómo citar

Marcotti, A. (2025). Relación entre habilidades del procesamiento auditivo y el rendimiento académico de niños en edad escolar. Revista Cognición & Lenguaje, 1(1), 14–26. https://doi.org/10.22370/rcl.2024.1.3888

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Originales de Investigación