Metafísica de la individualidad biológica: argumentos para un enfoque pluralista

Francisco Javier Navarro Cárdenas

doi:10.22370/rhv2022iss20pp271-290

Autores/as

Francisco Javier Navarro Cárdenas Universidad Austral de Chile

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22370/rhv2022iss20pp271-290

Palabras clave:

individuo biológico, pluralismo ontológico, ontología procesual, perspectivismo, realismo activo

Resumen

Los enfoques pluralistas en filosofía de la individualidad biológica sugieren que la realidad es divisible en múltiples tipos de individuos biológicos (individuos evolutivos, genéticos, fisiológicos, entre otros). En la presente investigación argumentaré a favor de dicha ontología pluralista. Inspirado en la metafísica procesual de John Dupré, el perspectivismo de Ronald Giere y el realismo activo de Hasok Chang, sugeriré que: (i) los individuos biológicos son nexos temporalmente estables en un flujo de procesos causales, (ii) las individuaciones en biología representan individuos reales solo bajo las perspectivas científicas que las sustentan, (iii) la capacidad de la biología para reconocer diversos tipos de individuos proviene de prácticas de individuación epistémicamente exitosas. Estas prácticas no solo nos contactan con múltiples sitios de la realidad, sino que también nos invitan a adoptar el pluralismo como una forma eficaz de incrementar nuestro conocimiento científico de la naturaleza.

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