Pérdida ambigua: el trauma de un ser querido
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22370/rhv2024iss26pp51-73Palabras clave:
trauma, ambiguous loss, transformative experienceResumen
La investigación sobre el trauma interpersonal tiende a centrarse en los efectos de los encuentros traumáticos en aquellos que sufren directamente la experiencia. En este trabajo, intento comprender las experiencias de los amigos y familiares de quien ha sufrido el trauma, siendo un caso paradigmático el de los familiares de veteranos (O'Nell, 1999). Argumento que una forma de entender las experiencias de amigos y familiares es a través del concepto de pérdida ambigua de Pauline Boss (Boss, 1986, 2007). El tipo de pérdida ambigua relevante para nuestros fines es cuando un familiar está físicamente presente pero psicológicamente ausente, por ejemplo, en el caso de un familiar con demencia avanzada. Esto es lo que pretendo que ocurre en algunos casos de experiencia traumática. Sostengo que el encuentro traumático en tercera persona puede experimentarse como una pérdida debido a los cambios en la persona que ha sufrido el encuentro traumático y que esto, a su vez, provoca cambios en la persona que experimenta la pérdida y en su relación con el familiar traumatizado. Sostengo que el encuentro traumático en primera persona es una experiencia transformadora (Paul, 2014), es decir, una experiencia que provoca cambios personales y epistémicos en el sujeto que la experimenta, y que el encuentro traumático en tercera persona también puede ser una experiencia transformadora.
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