Sueños, trauma, y errores de predicción
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22370/rhv2024iss26pp103-132Palabras clave:
sueños, trauma, error de predicción, reconsolidación de la memoria, sueño lúcido, pesadilla, memoria, trastorno de estrés postraumáticoResumen
Es ampliamente conocido que los sueños pueden ser fuertemente afectados por eventos traumáticos, pero puede haber otras formas en las que los sueños se relaciona con el trauma. En este artículo, argumentamos que diferentes tipos de sueños podrían contribuir tanto al trauma como a aliviarlo, según los errores de predicción que ocurran ya sea en los sueños o en la respuesta a los sueños después de despertar. Un error de predicción ocurre cuando una experiencia contradice la expectativa que uno tiene, y a menudo está acompañado por sorpresa. Los errores de predicción están involucrados en procesos de actualización de la memoria que pueden ser duraderos. No solo las pesadillas, sino también los sueños desagradables y, sorprendentemente, incluso los sueños neutrales y agradables tienen el potencial de contribuir al trauma, afectando nuestra vida de vigilia de manera similar a las experiencias traumáticas que acontecen en vigilia. Postulamos que ciertos sueños también pueden ser beneficiosos para aliviar el trauma. Además, la evidencia clínica sugiere que trabajar con los errores de predicción que ocurren en los sueños y durante nuestra respuesta a los sueños después de despertar puede ayudar a aliviar los efectos negativos del trauma.
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