The Value of Manipulation in Trust Relationships
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22370/rhv2025iss28.4371Keywords:
autonomy, care, discretionary power, aesthetic values, morality, fulfilling lifeAbstract
Manipulation has a very bad moral reputation, and it is generally assumed that resorting to it in our dealings with others implies a lack of respect for their autonomy. I will argue that manipulation is itself morally neutral, as, for example, Sarah Buss and Annette C. Baier have suggested. My analysis focuses on one specific type of manipulation that occurs between adult agents who share bonds of trust. I specifically aim to justify the intuition that consenting to be manipulated by a trusted person does not in itself indicate weak autonomy, does not necessarily imply a betrayal of trust on their part, and may even be something that the manipulated agent encourages more or less consciously as part of their pursuit of experiences that satisfy their vital interests.
Downloads
References
Ackerman, F. (1995). The Concept of Manipulativeness. Philosophical Perspectives, 9, 335-340. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2214225
Baier, A. C. (1985). What Do Women Want in a Moral Theory? Noȗs, 19(1), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.2307/2215117
Baier, A. C. (1986). Trust and Antitrust. Ethics, 96(2), 231-260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/292745
Baier, A. C. (1995). Trust and Its Vulnerabilities. En Moral Prejudices. Essays on Ethics (pp. 130-151). Harvard University Press.
Baron, M. (2003). Manipulativeness. American Philosophical Association, 77(2), 37-54. https://doi.org/10.2307/3219740
Buss, S. (2005). Valuing Autonomy and Respecting Persons: Manipulation, Seduction, and the Basis of Moral Constraints. Ethics, 115(2), 195–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/426304
Greenspan, P. (2003). The Problem with Manipulation. American Philosophical Quarterly, 40(2), 155–164.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/20010109
Hardin, R. (2002). Trust and Trustworthiness. Russell Sage Foundation. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/9781610442718
Hawley, K. (2014). Trust, Distrust and Commitment. Noûs, 48(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.12000
Jones, K. (1996). Trust as an Affective Attitude. Ethics, 107(1), 4-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/233694
Jones, K. (2019). Trust, Distrust, and Affective Looping. Philosophical Studies, 176(4), 955–968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11098-018-1221-5
Korsgaard, C. M. (1996). Creating the Kingdom of Ends. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139174503
Long, T. R. (2014). Information Manipulation and Moral Responsibility. En C. Coons, M. Weber (Eds.), Manipulation: Theory and Practice (pp. 151-175). Oxford University Press (online edition). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199338207.003.0008
McLeod, C. (2023). Trust. En E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2023/entries/trust/
Noggle, R. (2022). The Ethics of Manipulation. En E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2022/entries/ethics-manipulation/
Pereboom, D. (2005). Defending Hard Incompatibilism. Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 29(1), 228-247. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4975.2005.00114.x
Pereda, C. (2009). Sobre la confianza. Herder (edición digital).
Scanlon, T. M. (1986). The Significance of Choice. The Tanner Lectures in Human Values, 7, 149-216. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3200667
Scanlon, T. M. (2003). Lo que nos debemos unos a otros. ¿Qué significa ser moral? Paidós.
Solomon, R. C. & Flores, F. (2001). Building Trust in Business, Politics, Relationships, and Life. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195161114.001.0001
Strawson, P. F. (1995). Libertad y resentimiento. En Libertad y resentimiento. Y otros ensayos (pp. 37-67). Paidós.
Theroux, P. (2002). La sombra de Naipaul. Ediciones B.
Williams, B. (2011). Posibilidad, libertad y poder. En Vergüenza y necesidad. Recuperación de algunos conceptos morales de la Grecia antigua (pp. 205-258). Antonio Machado libros.
Wood, A. W. (2014). Coercion, Manipulation, Exploitation. En C. Coons, M. Weber (Eds.), Manipulation: Theory and Practice (pp. 17-50). Oxford University Press (online edition). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199338207.003.0002
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).




